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International Property Rights Index 2019

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The International Property Rights Index (IPRI) is the flagship publication of Property Rights Alliance. The IPRI scores the underlining institutions of a strong property rights regime: the legal and political environment, physical property rights, and intellectual property rights. It is the world’s only index entirely dedicated to the measurement of intellectual and physical property rights. Covering 129 countries the 2019 IPRI reports on the property rights systems affecting 98 percent of world Gross Domestic Product and 94 percent of world population

A tool for policymakers, business communities, and civic activists the IPRI highlights the essential role property rights play in creating a prosperous economy and just society. In addition, the 2019 Index examines the robust relationship between property rights and other economic and social indicators of well-being including – gender equality, entrepreneurship, research and development, human development, civic activism, and measures of internet connectivity.

This year more than 100 international organizations, from 72 countries, partnered with the PRA in Washington, D.C. and its Hernando De Soto Fellow Prof. Sary Levy-Carciente to produce the 12th edition of the IPRI.

A Letter From Hernando De Soto, the President of the PRA

“I congratulate Property Rights Alliance Executive Director Lorenzo Montanari and the 2019 Hernando De Soto fellow Dr. Sary Levy Carciente for their monumental achievement in constructing the 2019 International Property Rights Index, and also for their tireless work promoting property rights around the world.  Property Rights this year, as evidenced by the Index, took a slight downward turn, a global decrease of .26 percent only highlights the need to double efforts on this essential issue.

It also shouldn’t take away from the important work occurring in Eastern Europe and Latin America where property rights have improved 30 percent and 26 percent respectively since the Index began in 2007. It is always heartening to see new countries added to the Index, though their scores are usually low, it’s a sign that basic economic and political institutions are underway and focus on reforming the property rights ecosystem can begin. This year Angola and Burkina Faso are added for the first time. Special attention must be shown to Madagascar, the only country from the 2018 Index that could not be included in 2019, and Gabon which has not been included since 2017. It is a sign of growing political uncertainty; property rights allow citizens to keep institutions working.

It remains true that only about 1 billion people on the planet have real unquestionable rights to own their property, their ideas, and have access to markets where they can exchange them as they choose. A smaller privileged component, namely U.S. citizens, have access to “deep capital,” by having mineral rights attached to their property right, where elsewhere they are owned by the government.

Poor property rights ecosystems keep the $9.3 billion in capital owned by the other 6 billion people essentially dead, locked out of the formal economy. Their assets can be stolen, ideas copied, and wealth written off. And, as shown by the correlations in the IPRI, corruption, free-speech, access to the internet, and participation in civic processes are other knock-on effects of a poor property regime.

I consider it a great honor to introduce the International Property Rights Index and to support the work of Property Rights Alliance in their mission to nurture the public discourse on the essential role of property rights in economic development around the world.”

Correlations with the International Property Rights Index reveal crucial relationships between property rights and society:

  • IPRI 2019’s sample set represents 129 countries, 94% of the world population and 98% of the World GDP.
  • The Average Per Capita Income disparity between IPRI’s top quintile and bottom quintile countries is 16x.
  • Finland and the USA are leading the world in term of protection of Intellectual Property Rights.
  • IPRI correlates strongest at .934 with the Corruption Perception Index; where property rights are weak corruption thrives.
  • Property rights are crucial to develop the next generation of medicines, the IPRI correlates a robust .92 with the Global Biotech Innovation Index.
  • Thriving independent businesses need clear enforceable property rights. The IPRI reveals a powerful correlation with the Global Entrepreneurship Index at .901.

2019 International Property Rights Index Rankings:

Global
Rank		 Country Region Score Annual
Change		 Regional
Rank
1 Finland Western Europe 8.712  0.020 1
2 Switzerland Western Europe 8.571  -0.046 2
3 New Zealand Asia And Oceania 8.514  -0.117 1
4 Singapore Asia And Oceania 8.462  0.058 2
5 Australia Asia And Oceania 8.363  0.034 3
6 Japan Asia And Oceania 8.323  0.092 4
7 Sweden Western Europe 8.280  -0.115 3
8 Norway Western Europe 8.279  -0.170 4
9 Luxembourg Western Europe 8.275  -0.021 5
10 Netherlands Western Europe 8.273  -0.051 6
11 Canada North America 8.264  -0.029 1
12 United States Of America North America 8.202  0.078 2
13 Denmark Western Europe 8.174  0.011 7
14 Austria Western Europe 8.089  0.085 8
15 United Kingdom Western Europe 8.044  -0.096 9
16 Hong Kong SAR Asia And Oceania 7.902  0.053 5
17 Germany Western Europe 7.850  -0.058 10
18 Belgium Western Europe 7.669  -0.008 11
19 Ireland Western Europe 7.612  -0.046 12
20 Iceland Western Europe 7.565  -0.051 13
21 France Western Europe 7.384  0.200 14
22 United Arab Emirates Middle East And North Africa 7.348  -0.223 1
23 Taiwan Asia And Oceania 7.306  -0.004 6
24 Israel Middle East And North Africa 7.181  0.051 2
25 Estonia Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 7.173  -0.007 1
26 Czech Republic Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 7.029  0.049 2
27 Portugal Western Europe 6.976  0.042 15
28 Qatar Middle East And North Africa 6.923  -0.254 3
29 Chile Latin America & Caribbean 6.880  0.000 1
30 Malta Western Europe 6.755  0.021 16
31 Oman Middle East And North Africa 6.729  0.398 4
32 Malaysia Asia And Oceania 6.623  0.132 7
33 South Korea Asia And Oceania 6.621  0.174 8
34 Costa Rica Latin America & Caribbean 6.488  -0.082 2
35 Lithuania Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 6.460  0.036 3
36 Spain Western Europe 6.452  -0.067 17
37 Cyprus Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 6.407  0.170 4
38 Slovakia Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 6.386  0.113 5
39 Uruguay Latin America & Caribbean 6.329  0.138 3
40 Mauritius Africa 6.297  0.048 1
41 Saudi Arabia Middle East And North Africa 6.278  0.091 5
42 Rwanda Africa 6.265  -0.296 2
43 Hungary Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 6.218  0.121 6
44 Bahrain Middle East And North Africa 6.195  0.021 6
45 Jordan Middle East And North Africa 6.181  -0.010 7
46 Italy Western Europe 6.126  0.133 18
47 Slovenia Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 6.102  0.017 7
48 South Africa Africa 6.071  -0.276 3
49 China Asia And Oceania 6.033  0.129 9
50 Romania Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 6.028  0.216 8
51 Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean 5.999  0.008 4
52 Poland Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 5.996  -0.095 9
53 Botswana Africa 5.963  -0.035 4
54 Latvia Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 5.936  0.218 10
55 India Asia And Oceania 5.820  0.181 10
56 Trinidad and Tobago Latin America & Caribbean 5.816  0.102 5
57 Morocco Middle East And North Africa 5.762  0.118 8
58 Ghana Africa 5.748  0.113 5
59 Panama Latin America & Caribbean 5.687  -0.145 6
60 Kuwait Middle East And North Africa 5.570  0.080 9
61 Bulgaria Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 5.569  0.172 11
62 Brazil Latin America & Caribbean 5.564  -0.181 7
63 Colombia Latin America & Caribbean 5.559  0.043 8
64 Thailand Asia And Oceania 5.455  0.138 11
65 Indonesia Asia And Oceania 5.405  0.073 12
66 Burkina Faso Asia And Oceania 5.354  0.000 13
67 Philippines Asia And Oceania 5.309  0.092 14
68 Egypt Middle East And North Africa 5.281  0.219 10
69 Turkey Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 5.262  -0.019 12
70 Georgia Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 5.247  0.103 13
71 Mexico Latin America & Caribbean 5.228  0.055 9
72 Greece Western Europe 5.207  -0.058 19
73 Tanzania Africa 5.192  0.018 6
74 Sri Lanka Asia And Oceania 5.163  -0.075 15
75 Croatia Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 5.162  -0.008 14
76 Kenya Africa 5.147  0.164 7
77 Tunisia Middle East And North Africa 5.142  0.045 11
78 Peru Latin America & Caribbean 5.139  -0.089 10
79 Senegal Africa 5.132  0.123 8
80 Azerbaijan Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 5.120  0.083 15
81 Eswatini / Swaziland Africa 5.111  0.271 9
82 Argentina Latin America & Caribbean 5.087  0.062 11
83 Vietnam Asia And Oceania 5.084  0.009 16
84 Uganda Africa 5.052  0.200 10
85 Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean 5.013  0.005 12
86 Russia Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 4.989  0.099 16
87 Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean 4.894  0.057 13
88 Sierra Leone Africa 4.860  0.219 11
89 Kazakhstan Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 4.855  0.020 17
90 Nepal Asia And Oceania 4.842  -0.103 17
91 Honduras Latin America & Caribbean 4.835  0.112 14
92 Montenegro Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 4.817  0.167 18
93 Armenia Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 4.812  0.098 19
94 Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean 4.803  0.092 15
97 Ivory Coast Africa 4.785  0.000 12
96 Malawi Africa 4.785  0.125 13
95 Serbia Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 4.785  0.174 20
98 Brunei Asia And Oceania 4.758  -0.008 18
99 El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean 4.707  -0.066 16
100 North Macedonia Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 4.703  0.000 21
Global
Rank		 Name Region Score Annual
Change		 Regional
Rank
101 Liberia Africa 4.652  0.033 14
102 Zambia Africa 4.592  -0.139 15
103 Iran Middle East And North Africa 4.578  -0.169 12
104 Paraguay Latin America & Caribbean 4.569  0.052 17
105 Mali Africa 4.568  -0.153 16
106 Albania Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 4.546  0.021 22
107 Benin Africa 4.525  0.015 17
108 Algeria Middle East And North Africa 4.435  0.295 13
109 Ukraine Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 4.432  0.150 23
110 Bosnia And Herzegovina Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 4.419  0.002 24
111 Ethiopia Africa 4.392  -0.027 18
112 Mozambique Africa 4.387  -0.098 19
113 Lebanon Middle East And North Africa 4.386  0.044 14
114 Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean 4.337  0.071 18
115 Cameroon Africa 4.307  -0.015 20
116 Moldova Central Eastern Europe And Central Asia 4.221  0.219 25
117 Mauritania Africa 4.172  0.002 21
118 Bolivia Latin America & Caribbean 3.930  0.000 19
119 Chad Africa 3.886  0.116 22
120 Pakistan Asia And Oceania 3.874  0.237 19
121 Burundi Africa 3.798  0.020 23
122 Nigeria Africa 3.787  -0.135 24
123 Zimbabwe Africa 3.738  -0.105 25
124 DR Congo Africa 3.545  -0.198 26
125 Bangladesh Asia And Oceania 3.313  -0.051 20
126 Angola Asia And Oceania 3.115  0.000 21
127 Venezuela Latin America & Caribbean 2.895  -0.079 20
128 Haiti Latin America & Caribbean 2.703  -0.029 21
129 Yemen Middle East And North Africa 2.671  -0.120 15

Source: Property rights alliance

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